Cross Cultural Management An International Journal

Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural Management for An International Journal. Answer: Introduction Under this study, we will discuss and understand about the differences in cultures that affects the business organizations. As we know that there has been an increase in the difference among the cultures so there is a need to have knowledge about the cross-cultures. To have a better understanding for culture, various models are discussed in the form of dimensions. The motive of this study is to find out the relevance of culture dimension whether they are important for the international business or not. The study not only looks at the case study of Alizee airlines but also to many other aspects related to it. There are multiple sources that are interrelated to analytical research of the topic that will put light on the importance of study of cross culture for the internationalization of business. In this study many countries cultures are compared to have a better understanding of the same. Firstly, there is a discussion about the cultures and its dimensions with the examples, the criticism related to the study is also mentioned, the dimensions, and at last the research method that are used in the study is also mentioned. These dimensions and methods are used in the entire report for the better presentation. As we know that dimensions are very important for very business so those importance of dimensions are also discussed below. With the case study of Alizee airlines and other illustrations related to it are connected to the article. An analysis of the case study is performed to give clarity to the report. There are similarities and differences are also mentioned in between the cultures of the countries like Malaysia, Brazil and USA. At last all the dots are connected and summarization of all the data is provided through conclusion. GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions analysis The GLOBE The globe refers to The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness research program. It is one of the works in the world of dimensions that was initiated to know the relation between society, culture, and organization and leader effectiveness to the organizations. This is one of the long term programs that include four parts. Those parts are visualization, functionalist ion, validation and integration of the cross-culture theory. Firstly, there is a need to categorize the cultures related to the globe. For his the investigators and researchers made a range related to the dimensions in which six ranges are created. These ranges are identified and originated by Hofstede model of culture dimensions. The globe has developed and created in total 9 dimensions that are made through the practice of the society (as is) and values (should be) in the various setting of the culture (Harris Moran, 1996). These two dimensions are helping to identify and investigate the similarities and the differences in the beliefs, values, norms, practices, etc. that lies in the society. Respondents question are asked to do this activity of investigation. In order to have real investigation, the questions are asked to the representatives of the country and not with the multinational employees of the company. In the publication of the globe, the ranks and scores are the published of each country. There after a cluster of culture is made to divided according to the pats and similarities. The globe is one of the criticized as it is at initial stage. It is not entirely tested study as compared to other study. Its study is performed on multi-disciplinary function and it also provides this advantage to the globe. It comprises of 160 scholars that belongs to 62 different cultures of the world in which some of them are the country co-investigators (CCIs). These CCIs are known about the cross-cultures and th ey also conduct many qualitative and quantitative researches like interviews of individuals focus groups etc. to do their studies and researches (Hooker, 2009). Relevance of cultural dimensions according to the globe study- The study is very relevant for Alizee as it is enhancing the online behaviors of consumers and non-consumers of the Alizee airlines. In this research, the cultural differences faced by the organizations are discussed, also the cultural variations that create impact on the consumers interactions with the help of digital channels, and it also stimulates the Malaysia, Brazil and USA markets for the Alizee airline industry are mentioned (Wolf, 1997). Under this study, the main aim is to provide the approaches of cultural based perspective and the effectiveness of cross-culture that can be applied in the different markets. In this research the objective of the researchers is to provide an effective cultural based perspective to the Alizee airlines that can be directly or indirectly implied or applied (Peterson Sndergaard, 2008). There are three main markets of Alizee that were stated before. So the research is done to study the difference in these different markets that inspire changes and then applied to other markets. It is relevant to study the cultural differences of the markets as the dimensions help the company to increase the efficiency of online operations. It is also recommended that Alizee have to keep track on the dimensions of culture and online operations so that Alizee come to know that what they do and what other companies are doing. It is also recommend that Alizees practice must be examined and make a comparison between profiles of cultures of the countries (Burke, 2010). The need is to have an in-depth knowledge which is relevant for all the organizations that are globalized. The globe and Hofstede are the models that have helped to seek the attention and give relevance of cross-culture study to the organizations. This study has a great relevancy in the future as it will help many organizations to globalize themselves. Table showing the importance of dimensions of culture according the GLOBE study of three countries- Dimensions Brazil Malaysia USA Power distance High High High Performance orientation Low Average High Uncertainty avoidance Low Low Low Future orientation Low Low Low Institutional collectivism Low Average Low GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Table Similarities GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Brazil USA Malaysia Power Distance Everyone Larger audience The people who travels with them Youth of brazil Everyone Business travelers People who travel to Netherlands People who travel often and uses social apps and media. Business people Social media People who travel often Uncertainty Avoidance Expected and unexpected situations Self-protection Avoiding taking risk They always have done so. Structured Avoidance of unexpected events If the other tickets were cheaper than they would purchase. No unexpected situations Risk taking Planning Structure They always have done so. If the other tickets were cheaper than they would purchase. Humane Orientation No similarities No similarities No similarities Collectivism I: (Institutional) The opinion of all regarding this point is that external sources are the major references when they look for the information and data about airlines. Sources are- blog, websites related to travel, forums, etc. Internet websites are also used by some Some used to ask from their relatives and friends Friends and family Final decision making Some said that they do whatever they want to do. Friends and family Loyalty Decisions making Collectivism II: (In-Group) All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends. If the thing changes then only they will book the flight Dependence Friendship Assertiveness No assertiveness No assertiveness No assertiveness Gender Egalitarianism No gender egalitarianism No gender egalitarianism No gender egalitarianism Future Orientation Basis of cost Type of offers Next destinations on the list Season Trips in advance (Lombardo, 2011) In accordance with the next destination that marked on their list. wealth management Long-term thinking. Cost basis Next location on the list Advance Performance Orientation It is the most important factors for all the four interviewers. They choose to buy the online tickets only when the price is reasonable. Some said that the connectivity between the flights is also relevant. Some mentioned that the innovations that were made must be user-friendly. Reliability Safety Excellence Performance Ease of use Reputation of airlines Reliability Differences GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Brazil USA Malaysia Power Distance Youth of brazil Larger audience People who travel to Netherland Social media Uncertainty Avoidance Self-protection Avoiding taking risk No difference Planning Humane Orientation Trustworthy Initiative Personalized initiative Collectivism I: (Institutional) Internet Blogs Websites Forums Information and data from people Some said that they do whatever they want to do No difference Collectivism II: (In-Group) All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends If things will change then only they will book the flight Dependence and friendship Assertiveness There is no broad approach There is no broad approach There is no broad approach (Singh, 2012) Gender Egalitarianism There is no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation Future Orientation Types of offers season Long-term thinking(Jackson, 2014) Next location on the list Advance Performance Orientation Connectivity Innovation Safety Excellence Ease of use Reputation of airlines Consumers and non-consumers Variables for GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Brazil US Malaysia Consumers Non-consumers Consumers Non-consumers Consumers Non-consumers Power Distance 1. Everyone 2. Larger audience 3. The people who travels with them Youth of brazil 1. Youth of brazil 2. Larger audience 1. Everyone 2.Business travelers 3.People who travel to Netherlands 4. People who travel often and uses social apps and media. People who travel to Netherland 1.Business people 2.Social media 3.People who travel often Social media Uncertainty Avoidance Expected and unexpected situations Self-protection Avoiding taking risk Self-protection Avoiding taking risk They always have done so. Structured Avoidance of unexpected events If the other tickets were cheaper than they would purchase. No difference No unexpected situations Risk taking Planning Planning Humane Orientation initiative Trustworthy trust Initiative Trust and initiative Personalized initiative Collectivism I: (Institutional) external sources Sources are- blog, websites related to travel, forums, etc. Internet websites Relatives and friends Internet Blogs Websites Forums Information and data from people Friends and family Final decision making Some said that they do whatever they want to do Some said that they do whatever they want to do Friends and family Loyalty Decision making No difference Collectivism II: (In-Group) All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends. All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends If the things changes then only they will book flight If things will change then only they will book the flight Dependence friendship Dependence and friendship Assertiveness There is no broad approach There is no broad approach There is no broad approach (Singh, 2012) Gender Egalitarianism There is no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation Future Orientation Basis of cost Type of offers Next destinations on the list Season Trips in advance (Lombardo, 2011) Types of offers season In accordance with the next destination that marked on their list. wealth management Long-term thinking. Long-term thinking Cost basis Next location on the list advance Next location on the list Advance Performance Orientation Reasonable price Connectivity between the flights is also relevant. Some mentioned that the innovations that must be user-friendly. Connectivity Innovation Reliability Safety Excellence Performance Safety Excellence Ease of use Reputation of airlines reliability Ease of use Reputation of airlines Conclusion As we know that the world is changing into globalization, so there is a need to do cross-culture studies. The businesses are changing into international business and there expansion is taking place into diverse cultures. However, the CEOs, managers and other top management of the organization are falling to manage their business operations into different culture. Hence, there is a need to provide them training on cross-cultures so that they can gain knowledge and be able to solve the problems related to culture. It can also give them a brief knowledge that how one can deal with the different culture organization. There is a high-value for the studies of cross-culture now days. As we know that it is very important to judge the environment. Such knowledge can be gained through researches and analysis on the different cultures of the countries. In this study, research methods are used to study the dimension of the cultures that are relevant for the international business issues and challenges. Still there is a question in the minds of researchers that how far or how deep is the knowledge of the cross-culture is gained by them? The need is to have an in-depth knowledge which is relevant for all the organizations that are globalized. The globe and Hofstede are the models that have helped to seek the attention and give relevance of cross-culture study to the organizations. This study has a great relevancy in the future as it will help many organizations to globalize themselves. Recommendations Many recommendations are there to validate the research. There is also a need to intensify the dimensions of the research. There is a need to expand the research done on the cross-culture. There should be categories related to various work environment The models have to be more structured and detailed so that it provides all the relevant information about the cross cultures. As we know, that globalization is now become an important work for all the organization so it will be used by many companies in future. This arise the need of perfections in the research. References Burke, R. (2010). Cross cultural management. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Harris, P. Moran, R. (1996). Managing cultural differences. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co. Hooker, J. (2009). Corruption from a cross?cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 16(3), 251-267. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977346 Jackson, T. (2014). Is cross-cultural management studies morally mute? Cross-cultural management and ethics. International Journal Of Cross Cultural Management, 14(3), 267-269. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595814560968 Lombardo, G. (2011). Cross?cultural challenges for a global maritime enterprise. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 485-498. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527601111179537 Peterson, M. Sndergaard, M. (2008). Foundations of cross cultural management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Singh, N. (2012). Eastern and cross cultural management. New Delhi: Springer. Wolf, J. (1997). International human resource and cross cultural management. [Wiesbaden]: Gabler.