Character Analysis Pride And Prejudice - 1160 Words

Seema Sabbagh Mr. Clark AP Literature, 6th 11/10/14 Pride and Prejudice 2002 - Morally ambiguous characters -- characters whose behavior discourages readers from identifying them as purely evil or purely good -- are at the heart of many works of literature. Choose a novel or play in which a morally ambiguous character plays a pivotal role. Then write an essay in which you explain how the character can be viewed as morally ambiguous and why his or her moral ambiguity is significant to the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. Judging by reality and fiction, there is not a single person to exist that has been purely evil or purely good. Yet it is in human nature to judge others as good or evil. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice was quick to judge Fitzwilliam Darcy, the second central character of the novel, harshly based on her false assumptions of the arrogance of the wealthy. His initial egocentrism, due to his belief in a structured social hierarchy, caused her to form a prejudiced opinion of him. Throughout Pride and Prejudice, Fitzwilliam Darcy is shown to exhibit both good and evil qualities, although not always apparent to the narrator, Elizabeth. Jane Austen’s portrayal of Mr. Darcy as a morally ambiguous character uncovers the significance of class in English society during the late seventeenth century. The central theme of Pride and Prejudice is one of class. In a world where the lines of class are strictly drawn, the dignityShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudic e Character Analysis1598 Words   |  7 Pagesanother era but also within generation themselves, as proves the character of Mr. Darcy. The evolution of Mr. Darcy’s character in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice symbolizes the disregarding of some of the values and behaviors regulating England’s Regency society such as class, reputation and the excess pride in such values. Mr. Darcy’s prejudice causes him to quickly judge others based solely on their social status and not their character, as society has taught him, to then realize that the two ofRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Pride and Prejudice Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesPride and Prejudice The characters and general setting in Jane Austens; Pride and Prejudice, portray life in the rural society of the day. Austen is very clear in setting up the social classes of the characters and immediately portrays why the book is titled Pride and Prejudice. Though the more specific example of Pride and Prejudice is that of Elizabeth and Darcy, and how they first view each other. There initial feelings towards one another set the plot of the novel. It is this constantRead MorePride And Prejudice Character Analysis1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe novel Pride and Prejudice was first published in 1813. Signet Classics published Jane Austen’s book in 1980. The story takes place in early 19th century England. Important settings are Longbourn: the Bennets’ estate, Netherfield Park: the estate of Mr. Bingley; Rosings Park: the estate of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, and Pemberley: Mr. Darcy’s estate. Major characters in this comically toned romance include Elizabeth and Jane Bennet, Mr. Darcy, Mr. Bingley, and Mr. Wickham. Elizabeth is the protagonistRead More An Analysis of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice1662 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Characters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice An author will often give his or her work a title that reflects the overall theme or meaning of the piece-this is certainly the case in Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice. A title may set the mood or describe a situation which otherwise might require several paragraphs to develop. Pride and Prejudice is a combination of humor, irony, and twists of events. Austen entitles her work Pride and Prejudice to emphasize subtly theRead MorePride And Prejudice Character Analysis Essay1801 Words   |  8 Pagesis also impulsive, stubborn, and outspoken. The protagonist of Jane Austen’s novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ remains to be one of the most famous female characters in English Literature. Often noted in Instagram captions or on a homemade canvas bag, a quote such as â€Å"Looking for my Mr. Darcy† or something along those lines can be found all over the internet. From the time of her creation to the present-day her character has stood as a source of inspiration to her readers. â€Å"Lizzy† is a heroine with whomRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Analysis: Mr. Darcy Introduced to Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice as a tall, handsome, self-absorbed aristocrat, Darcy experiences a change in personality and character. In order to dispose of his existent views on money and marriage, Darcy needed to feel something, to fall in love. Although he was well mannered, he did not know how to treat women with respect, especially those of a lesser economic status. The love of Elizabeth Bennet, however, changed his behavior. The reader isRead MoreWrite a Critical Analysis of Jane Austen’s Novel Pride and Prejudice, Paying Special Attention to Family Politics. Comment on the Elizabeth – Darcy Relationship. What Makes Elizabeth and Darcy Different from All Other Characters in the Novel?909 Words   |  4 PagesWrite a critical analysis of Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice, paying special attention to family politics. Comment on the Elizabeth – Darcy relationship. What makes Elizabeth and Darcy different from all other characters in the novel? Student: Daniela Gospodinova In the 19th century in England, when Jane Austen writes, the marriage is something that every young woman wants - to marry a single, wealthy men, showing both joy and gratitude. In the beginning of the novel, the openingRead MorePride Prejudice Literature Analysis1311 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Analysis 2 The most difficult part of creating a masterpiece is the actual process of writing or composing it, one highly overlooked difficulty of the job of the creator is the development of a suitable title. In just a few words, an effective title gives the audience a basic idea of what they are about to spend their time reading about. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is an example of a novel with such a title that is very significant in the development of the story. As the readerRead MorePride And Prejudice Love Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesemanated. The basis for this analysis was whether relationships should be navigated utilizing emotion and feeling or reason and logic. The literary work of Regency era author, Jane Austen, details such a balance, as it endeavors to convey Austen’s interpretation of true affection between couples of well-examined intrinsic morality. The characters of Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice conten d with the moral vices of pride and prejudice as they overcome judgementsRead MoreThe Representations of Femininity in Pride and Prejudice904 Words   |  4 Pagesrepressing period. Most of her characters and stories revolve around the lives of the upper class. It centers on the values, rituals, and manners of high society in England during the Regency Era. Her most popular novel, Pride and Prejudice published in 1813 maintains the interest of its audiences as it did almost two centuries earlier as evidenced by its frequent incarnations. In 1995, the British Broadcasting Corporation produced a six episode mini-series of Pride and Prejudice in partnership with Arts

The Impact Of International Business On Business...

If the firms, which enter the international market, are ineffective at risk management, this is a risk in itself for Governments, as it can lead to economic inconsistencies. International business differs from domestic business for a variety of reasons, including as culture, labour and environmental standards, foreign exchange and political, economic and legal systems. The main reason for why there is such a significant difference between the two types of business is due to the increased risk associated with international business. The main risks, which can influence a firm’s decision to enter an international market, include the political, economic, legal and competitive risks. If these risks are successfully managed, it will lead to economic consistency, however, if they are unsuccessfully managed, this can have detrimental consequences for the government as well as the firm. Political risks include the likelihood that political forces will cause drastic changes in a countri es business environment that adversely affects the profit and other goals of the firm. Economic risk is the likelihood that economic mismanagement will cause drastic changes in a countries business environment that unfavourably impacts the success of a business enterprise. Furthermore, legal risks involve the likelihood that a trading partner will break contract or expropriate property rights, as well as create inconvenient circumstances for multinational firms. According to Staff (2009) â€Å"This directlyShow MoreRelatedinternational business environment impacts on retail industry3636 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Table of Contents Summary In this individual term report, I will write a report to analyze how the international business environment impacts on retail industry. In the body of this report, 1 Identify the retail industry and the function of this industry. Present some researches on retail industry on economic, financial factors by focusing on over the past two years. And then, show the effect of socio-cultural in retail industry. Give some examples. I will use the relevant course concepts andRead MoreBusiness Environment Economic Systems, Fiscal Monetary Policies, Cc Regulatory Bodies, International Trade British Economy, Global Factors Impact on British Organisations, Analysis Implications Joining Eu5548 Words   |  23 Pagesresources. Outline the economic system of the UK. The allocation of resources is an economic theory concerned with the discovery of how nations, companies or individuals distribute economic resources or inputs in the economic marketplace. Traditional business inputs are land, labour and capital. There are three major systems that can be distinguished in many parts of the world economy within these basic models there will be a range of variations and differences. Planned (Command) Economy An economyRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on International Business Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization’s impacts on international business†¦..7 The road ahead for international business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Every day we hear it on the news, read it in the papers, overhear people talking about it†¦ and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a different meaning. So, what is globalization? What are its main drivers? Why and how does globalization impact international business? What’s the futureRead MoreUnit 39 - International Business1099 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 39 – International Business Scenario You are employed by the local Business Development Agency and have been asked to independently research international business in relation to an international case study business of your choice. From your research you are required to put together a research report document which can be used to assist businesses who are considering trading internationally. Your work should be a result of your own independent research and contain references throughoutRead MoreFeatures of the International Economic Environment700 Words   |  3 Pages.1 An analysis of the features of the international economic environment The features of economic environment have direct relationship with economic activities .Income and wealth is the components of the economic environment. The international business of a country is greatly influenced by the technological development. The technology environment ensures better productivity. Technological environment influences the business and the effects of technology on markets are very much important (HelpmanRead MoreBussiness Environment1585 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment brief BTEC Higher National Diploma (Business) Level 4 ACADEMIC COLLEGE OF LONDON |Unit Number |1 | |Unit Title |Business Environment | |Name of the Assessor | Read MoreMarketing Micro and Macro Environmental Factors1669 Words   |  7 PagesMacro and micro environments both fall into the categories of environmental scanning. The general scope of environmental scanning is that it is a component of global environmental analysis. While analyses are typically carried out on the macro environment, the micro environment still has an important role to play. In summary, the macro environment is involved with the industries, companies, markets, clients and competitors, while the micro environment can be represented by the suppliers, competitorsRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce On International Trade Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesE-COMMERCE ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE MUKESHV.M , (MCom,MBA Finanace,MPhil) Assistant Professor In Commerce And Management Studies, Mar Osthastheos College (Affiliated To University Of Calicut) Perumpilavu,Kunnamkulam,Thrissur-680519Ph:04885 282000Mob:9895617021Email:Mukeshmurli640@Gmail.Com Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of E-Commerce on international trade . electronic commerce offers economy wide benefits to all countries. The gains are likely to be concentratedRead MoreBussiness Environment1600 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment brief BTEC Higher National Diploma (Business) Level 4 ACADEMIC COLLEGE OF LONDON |Unit Number |1 | |Unit Title |Business Environment | |Name of the Assessor | Read MoreCultural Environment Of International Business Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Cultural Environment of International Business Vanda Mallo Keiser University â€Æ' Abstract Understanding the management role relative to cultural influences is critical for today’s managers who want to interact proficiently across borders. One important concept which provides insight into the idea of intercultural aptitude is the notion of â€Å"mindfulness† or the ability to interact with others from different cultures. Managers must become more culturally sensitive since diversity in the workplace

Cross Cultural Management An International Journal

Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural Management for An International Journal. Answer: Introduction Under this study, we will discuss and understand about the differences in cultures that affects the business organizations. As we know that there has been an increase in the difference among the cultures so there is a need to have knowledge about the cross-cultures. To have a better understanding for culture, various models are discussed in the form of dimensions. The motive of this study is to find out the relevance of culture dimension whether they are important for the international business or not. The study not only looks at the case study of Alizee airlines but also to many other aspects related to it. There are multiple sources that are interrelated to analytical research of the topic that will put light on the importance of study of cross culture for the internationalization of business. In this study many countries cultures are compared to have a better understanding of the same. Firstly, there is a discussion about the cultures and its dimensions with the examples, the criticism related to the study is also mentioned, the dimensions, and at last the research method that are used in the study is also mentioned. These dimensions and methods are used in the entire report for the better presentation. As we know that dimensions are very important for very business so those importance of dimensions are also discussed below. With the case study of Alizee airlines and other illustrations related to it are connected to the article. An analysis of the case study is performed to give clarity to the report. There are similarities and differences are also mentioned in between the cultures of the countries like Malaysia, Brazil and USA. At last all the dots are connected and summarization of all the data is provided through conclusion. GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions analysis The GLOBE The globe refers to The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness research program. It is one of the works in the world of dimensions that was initiated to know the relation between society, culture, and organization and leader effectiveness to the organizations. This is one of the long term programs that include four parts. Those parts are visualization, functionalist ion, validation and integration of the cross-culture theory. Firstly, there is a need to categorize the cultures related to the globe. For his the investigators and researchers made a range related to the dimensions in which six ranges are created. These ranges are identified and originated by Hofstede model of culture dimensions. The globe has developed and created in total 9 dimensions that are made through the practice of the society (as is) and values (should be) in the various setting of the culture (Harris Moran, 1996). These two dimensions are helping to identify and investigate the similarities and the differences in the beliefs, values, norms, practices, etc. that lies in the society. Respondents question are asked to do this activity of investigation. In order to have real investigation, the questions are asked to the representatives of the country and not with the multinational employees of the company. In the publication of the globe, the ranks and scores are the published of each country. There after a cluster of culture is made to divided according to the pats and similarities. The globe is one of the criticized as it is at initial stage. It is not entirely tested study as compared to other study. Its study is performed on multi-disciplinary function and it also provides this advantage to the globe. It comprises of 160 scholars that belongs to 62 different cultures of the world in which some of them are the country co-investigators (CCIs). These CCIs are known about the cross-cultures and th ey also conduct many qualitative and quantitative researches like interviews of individuals focus groups etc. to do their studies and researches (Hooker, 2009). Relevance of cultural dimensions according to the globe study- The study is very relevant for Alizee as it is enhancing the online behaviors of consumers and non-consumers of the Alizee airlines. In this research, the cultural differences faced by the organizations are discussed, also the cultural variations that create impact on the consumers interactions with the help of digital channels, and it also stimulates the Malaysia, Brazil and USA markets for the Alizee airline industry are mentioned (Wolf, 1997). Under this study, the main aim is to provide the approaches of cultural based perspective and the effectiveness of cross-culture that can be applied in the different markets. In this research the objective of the researchers is to provide an effective cultural based perspective to the Alizee airlines that can be directly or indirectly implied or applied (Peterson Sndergaard, 2008). There are three main markets of Alizee that were stated before. So the research is done to study the difference in these different markets that inspire changes and then applied to other markets. It is relevant to study the cultural differences of the markets as the dimensions help the company to increase the efficiency of online operations. It is also recommended that Alizee have to keep track on the dimensions of culture and online operations so that Alizee come to know that what they do and what other companies are doing. It is also recommend that Alizees practice must be examined and make a comparison between profiles of cultures of the countries (Burke, 2010). The need is to have an in-depth knowledge which is relevant for all the organizations that are globalized. The globe and Hofstede are the models that have helped to seek the attention and give relevance of cross-culture study to the organizations. This study has a great relevancy in the future as it will help many organizations to globalize themselves. Table showing the importance of dimensions of culture according the GLOBE study of three countries- Dimensions Brazil Malaysia USA Power distance High High High Performance orientation Low Average High Uncertainty avoidance Low Low Low Future orientation Low Low Low Institutional collectivism Low Average Low GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Table Similarities GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Brazil USA Malaysia Power Distance Everyone Larger audience The people who travels with them Youth of brazil Everyone Business travelers People who travel to Netherlands People who travel often and uses social apps and media. Business people Social media People who travel often Uncertainty Avoidance Expected and unexpected situations Self-protection Avoiding taking risk They always have done so. Structured Avoidance of unexpected events If the other tickets were cheaper than they would purchase. No unexpected situations Risk taking Planning Structure They always have done so. If the other tickets were cheaper than they would purchase. Humane Orientation No similarities No similarities No similarities Collectivism I: (Institutional) The opinion of all regarding this point is that external sources are the major references when they look for the information and data about airlines. Sources are- blog, websites related to travel, forums, etc. Internet websites are also used by some Some used to ask from their relatives and friends Friends and family Final decision making Some said that they do whatever they want to do. Friends and family Loyalty Decisions making Collectivism II: (In-Group) All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends. If the thing changes then only they will book the flight Dependence Friendship Assertiveness No assertiveness No assertiveness No assertiveness Gender Egalitarianism No gender egalitarianism No gender egalitarianism No gender egalitarianism Future Orientation Basis of cost Type of offers Next destinations on the list Season Trips in advance (Lombardo, 2011) In accordance with the next destination that marked on their list. wealth management Long-term thinking. Cost basis Next location on the list Advance Performance Orientation It is the most important factors for all the four interviewers. They choose to buy the online tickets only when the price is reasonable. Some said that the connectivity between the flights is also relevant. Some mentioned that the innovations that were made must be user-friendly. Reliability Safety Excellence Performance Ease of use Reputation of airlines Reliability Differences GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Brazil USA Malaysia Power Distance Youth of brazil Larger audience People who travel to Netherland Social media Uncertainty Avoidance Self-protection Avoiding taking risk No difference Planning Humane Orientation Trustworthy Initiative Personalized initiative Collectivism I: (Institutional) Internet Blogs Websites Forums Information and data from people Some said that they do whatever they want to do No difference Collectivism II: (In-Group) All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends If things will change then only they will book the flight Dependence and friendship Assertiveness There is no broad approach There is no broad approach There is no broad approach (Singh, 2012) Gender Egalitarianism There is no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation Future Orientation Types of offers season Long-term thinking(Jackson, 2014) Next location on the list Advance Performance Orientation Connectivity Innovation Safety Excellence Ease of use Reputation of airlines Consumers and non-consumers Variables for GLOBE Studys cultural dimensions Analysis Brazil US Malaysia Consumers Non-consumers Consumers Non-consumers Consumers Non-consumers Power Distance 1. Everyone 2. Larger audience 3. The people who travels with them Youth of brazil 1. Youth of brazil 2. Larger audience 1. Everyone 2.Business travelers 3.People who travel to Netherlands 4. People who travel often and uses social apps and media. People who travel to Netherland 1.Business people 2.Social media 3.People who travel often Social media Uncertainty Avoidance Expected and unexpected situations Self-protection Avoiding taking risk Self-protection Avoiding taking risk They always have done so. Structured Avoidance of unexpected events If the other tickets were cheaper than they would purchase. No difference No unexpected situations Risk taking Planning Planning Humane Orientation initiative Trustworthy trust Initiative Trust and initiative Personalized initiative Collectivism I: (Institutional) external sources Sources are- blog, websites related to travel, forums, etc. Internet websites Relatives and friends Internet Blogs Websites Forums Information and data from people Friends and family Final decision making Some said that they do whatever they want to do Some said that they do whatever they want to do Friends and family Loyalty Decision making No difference Collectivism II: (In-Group) All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends. All of them said that it remind them about themselves and their friends If the things changes then only they will book flight If things will change then only they will book the flight Dependence friendship Dependence and friendship Assertiveness There is no broad approach There is no broad approach There is no broad approach (Singh, 2012) Gender Egalitarianism There is no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation There are no difference in gender differentiation Future Orientation Basis of cost Type of offers Next destinations on the list Season Trips in advance (Lombardo, 2011) Types of offers season In accordance with the next destination that marked on their list. wealth management Long-term thinking. Long-term thinking Cost basis Next location on the list advance Next location on the list Advance Performance Orientation Reasonable price Connectivity between the flights is also relevant. Some mentioned that the innovations that must be user-friendly. Connectivity Innovation Reliability Safety Excellence Performance Safety Excellence Ease of use Reputation of airlines reliability Ease of use Reputation of airlines Conclusion As we know that the world is changing into globalization, so there is a need to do cross-culture studies. The businesses are changing into international business and there expansion is taking place into diverse cultures. However, the CEOs, managers and other top management of the organization are falling to manage their business operations into different culture. Hence, there is a need to provide them training on cross-cultures so that they can gain knowledge and be able to solve the problems related to culture. It can also give them a brief knowledge that how one can deal with the different culture organization. There is a high-value for the studies of cross-culture now days. As we know that it is very important to judge the environment. Such knowledge can be gained through researches and analysis on the different cultures of the countries. In this study, research methods are used to study the dimension of the cultures that are relevant for the international business issues and challenges. Still there is a question in the minds of researchers that how far or how deep is the knowledge of the cross-culture is gained by them? The need is to have an in-depth knowledge which is relevant for all the organizations that are globalized. The globe and Hofstede are the models that have helped to seek the attention and give relevance of cross-culture study to the organizations. This study has a great relevancy in the future as it will help many organizations to globalize themselves. Recommendations Many recommendations are there to validate the research. There is also a need to intensify the dimensions of the research. There is a need to expand the research done on the cross-culture. There should be categories related to various work environment The models have to be more structured and detailed so that it provides all the relevant information about the cross cultures. As we know, that globalization is now become an important work for all the organization so it will be used by many companies in future. This arise the need of perfections in the research. References Burke, R. (2010). Cross cultural management. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Harris, P. Moran, R. (1996). Managing cultural differences. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co. Hooker, J. (2009). Corruption from a cross?cultural perspective. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 16(3), 251-267. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977346 Jackson, T. (2014). Is cross-cultural management studies morally mute? Cross-cultural management and ethics. International Journal Of Cross Cultural Management, 14(3), 267-269. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595814560968 Lombardo, G. (2011). Cross?cultural challenges for a global maritime enterprise. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18(4), 485-498. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527601111179537 Peterson, M. Sndergaard, M. (2008). Foundations of cross cultural management. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Singh, N. (2012). Eastern and cross cultural management. New Delhi: Springer. Wolf, J. (1997). International human resource and cross cultural management. [Wiesbaden]: Gabler.

Towards Innovation Essays - Organizational Theory

Towards Innovation The world today is experiencing the most rapid pace of change in its history. The purpose of this essay is to discuss what organizational structure is suitable in the business circumstances of today. This essay will argue that the environment of the 21st century is such, that to be effective, organizations are tending towards less formalized structures than used in the past. To support this argument, firstly organizations will be defined, and then the properties that make an organization effective will be identified. Next organizational structure will be appraised, and what constitutes business environment will be established. Finally the influences globalisation and technology have had on the will be addressed in relation to changes in organizational structure. Robbins et al. define an organization as a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose (2000: 5). While Wood et al. consider organizations as collections of people working together in divisions of labour to achieve a common purpose (1998: 15). These definitions fits a wide variety of groups such as sporting clubs, religious bodies, voluntary associations etcetera however for this essay will concentrate on business organizations. A Business organizations purpose is to deliver and product or service in such a way that a benefit is gained for the organization, profit or goodwill for example. The Macquarie dictionary is defines effective as producing the intended or expected result and producing a striking impression (1990). Thus an effective organization is an arrangement of people that successfully achieved their purpose, ie. a large profit of fine product, and have done so in a noteworthy, exemplary, commendable method or fashion. It is understood that to be effective an organization must be efficient. Efficiency is defined as the relationship between inputs and outputs, the goal of which is to minimize resource cost (Robbins et al., 2000: 8). Usually a business organizations success is primarily measured in financial profit, though this is not the only benchmark. Organizational structure is defined as the organizations formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated (Robbins et al., 2000: 351). Generally an organizations structure is considered to be the managerial framework that directs the non-managerial employees. Traditionally western organizational structure can be argued to have developed from the feudal system of government where a strict pyramidal power and class structure existed. Termed as mechanistic organizations they are described by Robbins et al. as being characterized by high specialization, extensive departmentalization, narrow spans of control, high formalization, a limited information network, and little participation in decision making by low-level employees (2000: 361). Organic structures on the other hand developed as alternatives to mechanistic structures. The underlying philosophy of the organic model is to provide the space for all people to contribute ideas and effort towards the well being of the organization. Organic organizations are characterized by Robbins et al. as highly adaptive and flexible with little work specialization, minimal formalization and little direct supervision of employees (2000: 362). Examples of organic structures include team based structures, matrix organizations, project structures, boundaryless organizations and learning organizations (Robbins et al., 2000: 370-377). Organic organizations usually provide employees with more autonomy than those with mechanistic structure. Business organizations are classed as open systems, that is, they dynamically interact with their environment (Robbins et al., 2000: 18). Robbins et el. define environment to be outside institutions or forces that potentially affect an organizations performance (2000: 101). Wong et al. list elements of the environment to include competition; economic conditions; physical environment; political and legal atmosphere; socio-economic characteristics; sociocultural elements; population distribution; infrastructure; technological conditions; workforce composition and education of the population (1998: 4). Once an organization could essentially ignore environmental forces but Wood et al. states now an effective organizational design reflects the powerful external forces (1998: 417). Organizations need to know their environment in order to recognize and take advantage of the opportunities it offers, to recognize the constraints it imposes and to seek to turn the constraints into opportunities (Dawson, 1992: 80). To Know their environment organizations must engage in environmental scanning, described by Robbins et al. as the screening of much information to detect emerging trends and create scenarios (2000: 311). Robbins et al. argues that organizations have to pay special attention to the part